Tooth sensitivity can make eating and drinking uncomfortable and can act as a constant reminder that something is going on with these teeth. While some people might make a dentist appointment right away, many people opt for a quick fix: sensitive toothpaste. Whether or not sensitive toothpaste will work generally depends on the cause and severity of the sensitivity.
What Causes Tooth Sensitivity?
Tooth sensitivity occurs when the dentin in the tooth is exposed. Dentin is a layer of hard tissue in the tooth, located between the outer enamel layer and the root. The dentin layer contains small holes, or tubules, that lead to the sensitive nerves in the pulp. When these are exposed, pain and sensitivity occurs.
In a healthy tooth, the enamel protects the dentin layer. When the enamel erodes over time or becomes damaged by trauma, dentin is exposed. Enamel erosion occurs naturally over time and many people experience sensitivity at some point. Receding gums are common with age and can also expose dentin near the gum line, causing sensitivity.
However, tooth sensitivity can also be a symptom of more serious dental problems. Pain and sensitivity often occur with tooth infection, cracks in the teeth, and tooth decay. These problems require prompt professional treatment and not a quick fix, like sensitive toothpaste.
Can Sensitive Toothpaste Actually Help?
The good news is that sensitive toothpaste can help with some cases of sensitive teeth. There are two different types of active ingredients in sensitive toothpastes that work to reduce tooth sensitivity in different ways.
Pain-blocking Toothpastes
Some sensitivity toothpastes work by blocking pain signals to the brain with the help of potassium. Research has shown that toothpastes formulated with 5% potassium nitrate can help reduce sensitivity. Potassium citrate is another common ingredient in these kinds of toothpastes.
Dentin Tubule-blocking Toothpastes
Many toothpastes for sensitive teeth use fluoride to help remineralize enamel and block the tubules in dentin. One study found that a toothpaste containing 0.454% stannous fluoride effectively coated dentin surfaces, blocked dentin tubules, and provided a significant reduction in tooth sensitivity after 8 weeks of use.
Although these toothpastes have been found to be effective, most studies show that it will take some time to feel the effects. Generally, it will take at least a couple of weeks of use for either type to noticeably reduce sensitivity.
When Does it Make Sense to Use Toothpaste for Sensitive Teeth?
It is best to try sensitive toothpaste when the cause of the sensitivity is mild to moderate tooth erosion or gum recession, and it is not related to a dental emergency. This is usually sensitivity that comes on gradually and is not severe. It might feel like a slight stinging or discomfort when eating very hot or very cold foods and drinks, or when biting down on something hard.
When to See a Dentist for Sensitive Teeth
It is important to recognize the signs of serious dental problems that require the help of a dentist. These often involve tooth sensitivity. Some other symptoms to look out for include:
- Dull, achy, sharp, or throbbing pain
- A bad taste in the mouth
- Bleeding gums
- Swelling
- Chipped or visibly cracked enamel
- Sensitivity that makes it difficult to eat
- Sensitivity that does not go away or worsens after using sensitive toothpaste
If any of these symptoms occur along with sensitivity (or on their own), it is important to see a dentist to determine the cause. These symptoms may be a sign of decay, infection, or damage to a tooth and can become worse when left untreated. Even if there are no other signs of dental problems, it is best to mention tooth sensitivity to a dentist during a regular visit. They can assess the level of erosion on the enamel or recession of the gums and double check for underlying issues.
Professional Solutions for Reducing Tooth Sensitivity
If using toothpaste formulated for sensitive teeth does not help after 4-8 weeks of use and there is no serious dental problem, like decay or a cracked tooth, there are some other options for protecting the dentin in teeth.
Fluoride Application
Many dentists offer fluoride varnishes to help harden tooth enamel. It is brushed onto the teeth and left to harden. Fluoride varnish can help reduce tooth sensitivity and prevent cavities from forming.
Dental Bonding
Dental bonding is a procedure where a resin material is applied over the teeth. The hardened resin acts as a barrier to sources of irritation, like heat or cold. Unlike fluoride varnishes, the resin does not fortify the actual enamel or incorporate itself into the teeth.
Gum Grafting
If tooth sensitivity is caused by a receding gum line, gum grafting can help eliminate the sensitivity. Gum grafting transplants tissue to cover exposed or sensitive areas along the gum line. Gum grafting can be accomplished by removing tissue from another part of the mouth and placing it on the gums. Some newer forms of gum grafting procedures involve using a laser and are generally less invasive.
Taking care of dental health and protecting enamel from further damage is the best way to prevent increased tooth sensitivity. To find a dentist or book an appointment, check out our provider database.