Winter brings icy air and frosted windows, but for many, it also brings an unexpected discomfort—sharp pain in their teeth when they step outside. 

Similar to the sensitivity that happens when eating ice cream or drinking an iced coffee, breathing in the crisp winter air sometimes hurts. The enamel on teeth can contract slightly in response to extreme temperatures, and this can make teeth more sensitive for a moment.

But while some tooth sensitivity to cold air is normal, ongoing or intense pain is worth paying attention to. Here are some things to consider, and how to know when to see a dentist.

What Causes Tooth Pain in Cold Weather?

It is common for cold air to make teeth hurt in winter. However, if sensitivity lasts even after coming in from the cold, there may be another issue. Understanding these causes of tooth sensitivity can help patients determine when it is time to seek professional care:

Exposed Dentin

The outer layer of the teeth, called enamel, protects the softer dentin underneath. Over time, enamel can become worn down. This might happen if the patient grinds their teeth, brushes too hard, or eats a lot of acidic foods. When enamel wears away, the dentin becomes exposed. Since dentin contains tiny tubules that connect to the tooth’s nerves, cold air or beverages can trigger pain.

Gum Recession

Receding gums, often caused by gum disease or improper brushing, expose the roots of the teeth. These roots are especially sensitive to temperature changes, leading to tooth pain and sensitivity to cold.

Cavities and Cracks

Tooth decay and cracks in the teeth allow cold sensations to reach the nerves more easily. If winter air causes sharp pain that feels localized to one tooth, it could be a sign of a cavity or damage.

Damaged Fillings or Crowns

Like cavities and cracks, damaged crowns or fillings can leave parts of a tooth exposed, allowing cold air to reach the nerves and cause sensitivity or pain.

Teeth Whitening Treatments

Patients who have recently had teeth whitening treatments often have some temporary tooth sensitivity. This is because the bleaching agents can irritate the nerves in the teeth as well as the gums, making them more reactive to cold air. Whitened teeth should start to feel less sensitive as time goes on. If they get worse, it is time to call the dentist. 

When to See a Dentist for Tooth Pain in Cold Weather 

Mild winter tooth sensitivity is common and is not always a reason for concern. However, patients with more severe discomfort should check with their dentist. Signs that it is time to make a dental appointment include:

• Sensitivity that does not go away: This could be caused by worn away enamel, receding gums, or other underlying issues that need professional attention.
• Pain in only one area: A single tooth causing discomfort may be cracked or have a cavity that requires repair.
• Swollen or bleeding gums: These could be signs of gum disease, which can expose sensitive tooth roots, and needs to be treated.

The dentist can identify the cause of the sensitivity and recommend a treatment plan that might include: 

• Fluoride treatments: A professional fluoride application can strengthen the enamel and reduce sensitivity.
• Bonding or sealants: If a patient has exposed dentin, the dentist may apply a protective coating to shield the teeth.
• Gum grafts: For patients with severe gum recession, a gum graft can cover exposed roots and relieve sensitivity.
• Repairing cavities or cracks: If pain is caused by decay or damage, addressing these issues can eliminate discomfort.
• Repairing old fillings and crowns: Pain caused by old or damaged restorations can be relieved by repairing the filling or crown. 

Tips to Combat Winter Tooth Sensitivity

For patients with no underlying dental problems who experience pain from cold air, there are a few ways to minimize discomfort. The first is to simply keep cold air out of the mouth by practicing nose breathing when outside! 

Here are some others:

• Use toothpaste for sensitive teeth: These special formulas help block pain signals from the teeth to the nerves.
• Avoid very cold or hot foods: Skip the steaming hot coffee or ice-cold treats that can make tooth sensitivity worse.
• Wear a scarf or mask: Covering the mouth helps protect teeth from the icy air.
• Practice good oral hygiene: Brush and floss regularly to keep the enamel and gums healthy.

If these tricks do not help, and tooth sensitivity becomes more than just a passing discomfort, there could be underlying issues at play. 

Stay Comfortable in the Cold by Seeing a Dentist

While some sensitivity to cold air is normal, noticeable pain in your teeth that doesn’t go away should not be ignored. By understanding the causes of tooth sensitivity and taking steps to protect your teeth, you can enjoy the season without the sting. If you are experiencing tooth pain in cold weather, use our online search tool to find a dentist near you today.